List of Simple Chemicals

\[ \rm H^- \]

Ion, or negatively charged within compound.

\[ \rm H_3O^+ \]

Ion, or positively charged within compound.

Organic compound that does not contain aromatic ring.

Acyclic saturated hydrocarbon

\[ \chemfig{R-[:60]C(-[:120]R)=C(-[:60]R)(-[:-60]R)} \]

Hydrocarbon containing a carbon-carbon double bond, also called olefin.

\[ \chemfig{R-C~C-R} \]

Hydrocarbon containing a carbon-carbon double bond, also called olefin.

\[ \chemfig{R-OH} \]

\[ \chemfig{R-[:30]C(=[2]O)-[:-30]H} \]

\[ \chemfig{R-[:30]C(=[2]O)-[:-30,.5]} \]

\[ \chemfig{-[:30,.5]C(=[:90]O)-[:-30,.5]} \]

\[ \chemfig{R-[:30]C(=[2]O)-[:-30]R} \]

Aliphatic compound containing carbonyl group in the middle.

\[ \chemfig{R-[:30]C([:90]=C=O)-[:-30]R} \]

\[ \chemfig{R-[:30]C(=[2]O)-[:-30]OH} \]

\[ \chemfig{R-[:30]O-[:-30]R} \]

\[ \chemfig{R-[:30]C(=[2]O)-[:-30]O-[:30]R} \]

Ester is a compound derived from an acid with the hydrogen in the hydroxyl group replaced by an organiyl group.

The stereotypical example is carboxylic ester (R−C(=O)−O−R'), often simply called 'ester'. It can be formed by substitution reaction between carboxylic acid (R−C(=O)−OH) and an alcohol (R'−OH)

The double bond between central atom and oxygen are necessary for the esterification to occur, except for extreme conditions. A double bond polarizes the molecule and lessens the activation energy by absorbing negative charge in the transition state.

Cyclic ester

\[ \chemfig{[:18]* 5(-=-O-=)} \]

\[ \chemname{\chemfig{*6(-=--O-=)}}{2$H$-pyran} \]

\[ \chemname{\chemfig{*6(--=-O-=)}}{4$H$-pyran} \]

\[ \rm O^+ \]

Ion, or positively charged within compound.

From alkali, and -oid "like"

Any organic compund that contains nitrogen.

\[ \chemfig{R-[:30]N(-[2]R)-[:-30]R} \]

Organic compounds that contain C-N bounds.

Classified according to the number of substituents

• Primary (1°): R-NH₂
• Secondary (2°): R-NH-R
• Tertiary (3°): R-N(-R)-R
• Cyclic Amines: Part of cycle

\[ \chemfig{R-[:30](=[2]N-[:30]R)-[:-30]R} \]

• Amide (Common)

\[ \rm NH_2^- \]

Ion, or negatively charged within compound.

• Azene

\[ \chemfig{R-[:-60]N=N-[:-60]R} \]

\[ \chemfig{-[,.5]\charge{120:3pt=$+$}{N}(=[:60]O) -[:-60]\charge{45:2pt=$-$}{O}} \]

\[ \chemfig{-[,.5]N=[:-60]O} \]

\[ \chemfig{\charge{45:3px=$-$}{NO_3}} \]

\[ \chemfig{* 6(-=-=N-=)} \]

\[ \chemfig{* 6(-=N -=N -=)} \]

\[ \chemfig{[:18]* 5(-=-\chemabove{N}{H}-=)} \]

\[ \chemfig{R-[:30](=[2]O)-[:-30]N(-[6]R)-[:30]R} \]

Cyclic amide

\[ \chemfig{[:18]*5(= - (= O) - \chemabove{N}{H} - (= O) -)} \]

\[ \chemfig{\charge{135:1pt=$\scriptstyle-$}{N}=\charge{90:2pt=$\scriptstyle+$}{N}=\charge{45:1pt=$\scriptstyle-$}{N}} \]

N2H4

\[ \chemfig{-[:30,.5]S(=[:60]O)(=[:120]O)-[:-30,.5]} \]

\[ \chemfig{R-[:30]S(=[:60]O)(=[:120]O)-[:-30]OH} \]

Salt (MRSO₂O), anion (RSO₂O⁻), or ester (RSO₂OR') of a sulfonic acid (RSO₂OH).

• SO₄²⁻

• S²⁻

Inorganic Anion or Compound containing it.

In organic chemistry, it referes to the linkage C-S-C, also called thioether.

\[ \chemfig{R-SH} \]

Organosulfur compound with thiol group (-SH), also called sulfhydryl group or sulfanyl gorup.

\[ \chemfig{-[,.5]X} \]

Ion, or negatively charged within compound.

• HF

Hydrogen Fluoride (gas) Hydrofluoric Acid (solution)

It is strong acid on high concentration, due to the high electron affinity of Flourin, but it is weak acid in dilute aqueous solution.

Organic compound that contain aromatic ring.

\[ \chemfig{Ar-[,.5]} \]

Any functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic ring.

The attachment must be strainght to the aromatic ring. Examples are

• phenyl group
• tollyl group
• xylyl group
• naphthyl group

\[ \chemfig{*6(- = - = (-OH) - =)} \]

\[ \chemfig{*6(- = - = (-[:90]O-[:30]) - =)} \]

• Methoxybenzene

\[ \chemfig{-[:-30]O-[:30]*6(- = - (-[:30]=[::-60] -) = - =)} \]

• Anise Camphor

See Anethole - Wikipedia

\[ \chemfig{*6(= - (-OH) = (-(=[::60]O)-[::-60]OH) - = -)} \]

\[ \chemfig{*6(= - (-(-[:-90] OH) =[::60]O) = (-( =[::60]O)-[::-60]OH) - = -)} \]

\[ \chemfig{*6(- = *5(- (= O) - O - (= O) -) - = - =)} \]

\[ \chemfig{*6(- = *5(- (= O) - NH - (= O) -) - = - =)} \]

• Silicane

\[ \rm SiH_4 \]

They combust spontaneously when contacted with air.

Silicide compound and acid creates it.

Silicon ion or compound with negatively charged silicon atom.

• Making purple gold - YouTube