Japanese (日本語)
Table of Contents
1. Writing System
1.1. Characters
1.1.1. Hiragana
1.1.2. Katakana
1.1.3. Sutegana
1.1.4. Kanji
1.2. Iroha Order
- いろは順
いろはにほへと ちりぬるを わかよたれそ つねならむ うゐのおくやま けふこえて あさきゆめみし ゑひもせす
色は匂へど 散りぬるを 我が世誰ぞ 常ならむ 有為の奥山 今日越えて 浅き夢見し 酔ひもせず
1.3. Romanization
1.4. Punctuations
1.4.1. Iteration Mark
- 踊り字[odoriji]
々
- 同の字点[douno jiten], or ノマ[noma]
- Repeat previous kanji
ゝ、ヽ
- 一の字点[ichino jiten]
- Repeat previous kana
〱
- くの字店
- Repeat multiple previous kanas
1.5. Ateji
1.6. Kira kira name
- キラキラネーム
Modern Japanese given name that has an atypical pronunciation or meaning For example, 月 with the reading of [raito].
Currently there is a rule to restrict this.
1.7. Symbols
〆(しめ) originally used to mark that an envelop is sealed.
2. Historical Orthography
- 歴史的仮名遣い
The histogical orthography was used before the advent of modern orthography (現代仮名遣い) in 1947. They didn't have 捨て仮名(拗音, 促音 and ヶ/ヵ?).
| Modern | Historical |
|---|---|
| きょう | けう、けふ、きやう |
| しょう | せう、せふ、しやう |
| ちょう | てう、てふ、ちやう |
| きゅう | きう、きふ、 |
| しゅう | しう、しふ |
| ちゅう | ちう、ちふ |
| おう | あう、あふ、（わう） |
| をう | わう |
| よう | やう |
| こう | かう |
| -ou | -au, -afu |
3. Idioms
3.1. カモがネギを背負って来る
kamo ga negi wo shotte kuru "A duck fies in with a leek"
It's too good to be true, or farfetched.
3.2. 知惠熱
'돌치레' 돌 무렵의 아이들이 이유 없이 겪는 열.