Soil Mechanics

The ratio of the density of a material \( \rho_s \) to the density of pure water \( \rho_w \). \[ G_s := \frac{\rho_s}{\rho_w} \rho \]

Or sometimes, wet density or simply density.

\[ \rho := \frac{M_s + M_w}{V_s + V_w + V_a}. \] The mass of the air is ignored.

\[ \rho_d := \frac{M_s}{V_s + V_w + V_a}}. \]

The effective when submerged under water \[ \rho' := \rho - \rho_w. \]

\[ w := \frac{M_w}{M_s} \]

\[ e := \frac{V_v}{V_s} \]

\[ n := \frac{V_v}{V_t} \]

\[ S := \frac{V_w}{V_v} \]