• Or worktree
• The entire file including the files under the .git/, which means all its history and current state.

--depth DEPTH clone the number of recent commits specified.

• Show status.

• It shows commits reachable from HEAD, which means past commits.
• log [([^]<ref>)*] To control the scope, one can specify which commit to start logging.
  • <ref>=(HEAD|<hash>|<tag>|<branch>)(^N|~N)* where ^N means N=th parent when current commit is a merge of multiple commits, and =~N means N parents back.
• --graph: Show graph
• --oneline: One line per commit
• --decorate:

• Stage diffs so that it can be readily committed. Add path at the end
• -p --patch: Add /hunks/(blocks of changes) individually.

Use reset <file> or restore --staged <file> to undo.

• Move HEAD.

$ git checkout <hash|name>

            HEAD
             v
        <branchname>
             v
---O----O----O

======V======

  HEAD   <branchname>
   v         v
---O----O----O

• Switch branch.

• Add commit, move branch reference and HEAD.
• -a to add the changes of the tracked files before commiting.
• -C or -c=(edit the message) to use the existing commit object, probably there because of =git reset.
• --amend to replace the tip of the commit with a new one, effectively amending it.
  • --no-edit to keep the commit message.
• --fixup, --squash: Marks the commit that it is to be squashed when git rebase --autosquash

$ git commit

    <branchname> <- HEAD
        v
---O----O

======V======

        <branchname> <- HEAD
             v
---O----O----O

• Tag is a immovable identifier.

$ git tag <tagname>

        <branchname>
             v
---O----O----O
    ^
HEAD

======V======

        <branchname>
             v
---O----O----O
   ^
<tagname> <- HEAD

• Branch is a identifier that moves along as one commits.

$ git branch <branchname>

     <main>
        v
---O----O
   ^
  HEAD

======V======

     <main>
        v
---O----O
   ^
<branchname> <- HEAD

• Git does three-way merging which analyzes base, local, remote and produces best result.

$ git merge <feature>

    <main> <- HEAD
        v
---O----O
    \---O
        ^
    <feature>

======V======

          <main> <- HEAD
             v
---O----O----O
    \---O---/
        ^
    <feature>

• --squash
  • Change current working tree into the merged state, but not committed. Therefore, git commit is required.
  • This enables creating a single commit with single parent.

• Local branch is created when one checkout the remote branch, and the local branch has an upstream pointer that is connected to the remote branch.

$ git fetch <remote/origin/main>

      HEAD
        v
    <main> ~> <remote/origin/main>
        |_______/
        v
---O----O

======V======

      HEAD
        v
    <main> ~> <remote/origin/main>
        |         |
        v         v
---O----O----O----O

• Merge local and remote branch.

$ git pull <remote/origin/main>

      HEAD
        v
    <main> ~> <remote/origin/main>
        |         |
        v         v
---O----O----O----O

======V======

      HEAD
        v
    <main> ~> <remote/origin/main>
        \_________|
                  v
---O----O----O----O

• Checks if any divergence happened and if it did git refuses to push. To resolve this one needs to merge the remote branch.
• --force-with-lease: Only force push if the remote is the same as the local.

• Changes of working tree (the current state) from the HEAD, Or diff X Y for diff between X and Y.
• git diff <ref> [<ref>=HEAD] > <patchfile> stores the diff that can be applied by git apply <patchfile>.

• Uncommit or Unstage or hard reset.
• --soft: only moves the HEAD, --hard: moves the HEAD and reset the index and working tree.
• The current HEAD gets stored to ORIG_HEAD.

• Restore files to a specific state. Add path at the end. It does not affect the index unless --staged
• -s <tree> --source=<tree>: Specify commit, branch to restore from. Restore from index if unspecified.
• --staged: Unstage

• Commit the inverse of previous commits.

• Commit just one commit within other branch onto the current branch.

• Commit current branch on top of another branch.
• git rebase -i <ref>: Perform rebase on <ref>. This means the commits after <ref> will be available for rebasing.
  • fixup: append to the previous commit.
  • squash: append the previous commit to itself.
  • reword: change the commit message.
  • edit: perform git commit --amend on the commit.

• Temporarily stores diffs in a separate area.
• Name of stash looks like stash@{n} which can be referenced by only the n. The latest stash is 0.
• git stash push
  • -k --keep-index: Stash only the changes.
  • -S --staged: Stash only the index.
• git stash pop: Apply the stash and drop it. They must match the index.
• git stash list, git stash drop <stash>

• Add notes to commits. It does not affect the commit at all.

• add <path> <commit-ish>: copy the entire repository into the <path> (except the per-worktree files, like HEAD, index, …) and link it to the current one. It is a linked worktree.

• If a git repository is inside a git repository, then the outer repository only tracks the HEAD of the inner repository.

• Track down a bug by bisecting the commits.

• Open a GUI in the browser

• Garbage collection for tidying up the git files.

• See who wrote certain code

• Remove unnecessary files.

• start

• user
  • name
  • email
• credential
  • helper: store and cache is provided by default.
• alias
  • Short string to be used as a subcommand.
• {{video https://youtu.be/aolI_Rz0ZqY?si=ZFHkS8qCT6Uh5GrA}}
• gpg
  • Sign your commit
• maintenance
  • Automatically maintain your repository

• git cat-file to inspect objects
• Every object is hashed and stored in the same way within the .git/objects/ directory.
• They are referenced by their hash.
• Commit
  • Contains the reference to the root tree.
• Tree
  • Correspond to the directory in the file structure.
  • Contains the reference to trees and blobs within the directory.
• Blob
  • Correspond to a file.

• NUMBER, FIRST~STEP match line numbers
• $ last line
• /REGEXT/ \<C><REGEXP><C> line that matches the
• 0,ADDRESS until ADDRESS is found
• ADDRESS,+N N lines follwing ADDRESS
• ADDRESS,~N from ADDRESS to the line number N or its multiples.

• = print the line number
• a TEXT append text into the next line. \<ret> is used to insert newlines.
• i TEXT insert text into the previous line.
• q quit
• r FILENAME append text from the file. R append one line at a time from the file

• c TEXT
• d delete pattern space
• h copy pattern space to hold space, H append to hold space
• g copy hold space to pattern space, G append to pattern space
• n read the next line into the pattern space, N append into the pattern space
• p print the pattern space
• s/REGEXP/REPLACEMENT/ replace the within pattern space.
  • \1 through \9 is available, with -r
    • \0 or & can be used without -r
  • s/^/REPLACEMENT/ appends in the beginning of a line.
  • \<PATTERN\> matches a word. same as \bPATTERN\b
  • \d does not match the number since they are strings.
• w FILENAME write the pattern space to a file. W write one line at a time
• y/SOURCE/DEST/ transliterate. See ((669f0999-d1e0-46f6-b0cf-0f57d2148067))
• b LABEL branch to LABEL. If LABEL is omitted branch to the end of script.
• t LABEL if substitution succeeds, branch to LABEL, T LABEL if no substitution succeeds.

• BEGIN, END special pattern that matches the start and end of a program
  • BEGIN can be used for initialization of the environment variables.
• /regex/
• || && ! ? : ,

• print, printf
  • "TEXT"
  • It can be redirected to a file with > and >>
  • It can be piped to external commands with |,
  • $0 is the entire record. $N is the =N=th field.
• ** Special Variables
  • ARGC the number of arguments
  • ARGV array of arguments
  • FS field separator regular expression
  • NR the current line number
  • OFS output field separator
  • FILENAME the current input file path

• \new Staff \with { CONFIG } { NOTES } creates a staff with the CONFIG options
• \numericTimeSignature
• \omit SYMBOL Clef
• \override StaffSymbol.line-count = #N
• \clef treble|alto|tenor|bass|...
• \time FRACTION
• OBJECT.stencil = ##f remove the symbol
• \break: new line

• Pitch: a - g low A to G. ' to raise an octave, , to lower an octave.
• Length: 1 - 16 for Nth notes. . to add the dot.
• Articulation: -^, ->, -., --, -_ after the name.
• Accidental: is es after the name.
• Beaming: [ <notes> ] after a note
• Slur: ( <notes> )
• Tie: ~, only the length needs to be specified.
• Chord: replace the note name with < <notes> >
• Tuplet: \tuplet FRACTION { NOTES }
  • e.g. \tuplet 3/2 { b4 4 4 }
• Rest: r

• \repeat volta|segno|unfold|... N { NOTES }

• #(ly:set-option 'SYM #t) sets the -dSYM flag

• .ly file
• --format=FORMAT change the main output format
• --svg, --png additionally generate image files
• -dSYM --define-defaults[SYM[=VAL]|no-SYM]=
  • preview to compile the first line, or in musical term, the first system.
  • crop to crop the image to the content
  • resolution
  • paper-size
  • backend: Either 'ps or 'svg
  • help

• .lytex file
• Compile a ./tex.html file containing lilypond environment.

• On Screen Controller (OSC) is the set of GUI elements
• It can be customized with ./lua.html.
• I found this: GitHub - maoiscat/mpv-osc-modern: Another mpv osc script